Copying and reproducing device



Sept. 4, 1962 E. GARFIELD COPYING AND REPRODUCING DEVICE Filed Aug. 11,1958 AMPLIFIER OUTPUT v TUBE\ SWITCH /OSCILLATOR JVL PHASE I/SHIFTER'INVENTOR.

52 EUGENE GARFIELD ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,052,755 COPYING ANDREPRODUCING DEVICE Eugene Garfield, Woodhury, NJ. (1523 Spring GardenSt, Philadelphia, Pa.) Filed Aug. 11, W58, Ser. No. 754,235 8 Claims.(6!. 1786.6)

This invention relates to a device for copying and reproducing printedor written matter such as letters, characters, words, phrases, sentencesor short paragraphs. More particularly it relates to a device forcopying and reproducing printed matter, the copying portion of which issmall enough to be manually portable so that it can be used anywheredesired.

It is often desirable to copy and reproduce printed matter from booksand the like. This is particularly desirable for such professions astechnical or other types of researchers, lawyers and statisticians whoreview books, files and other literature and must copy pertinent partsthereof, such as words, phrases, sentences or even paragraphs. Copyingby hand, particularly if there is any quantity of material to copy, istedious and time consuming. There are presently available many types ofphotocopying machines. However, such machines are relatively large.Therefore, the material to be copied must be taken to the machine whichtakes time so that the material is not available to others who may wantto use it. This is particularly troublesome in libraries whereconsiderable amount of research takes place. Furthermore, such machinescopy whole pages which is wasteful when many times only small portionsof a page are required and many of such machines, especially the smallerand less expensive ones, will copy only loose pages and not pages from abound volume. In addition such machines being mainly photo-copyingmachines, require special paper to make a negative of the copy and otherspecial paper for the final reproductions so that the operation of themachines becomes relatively expensive.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a device forcopying and reproducing printed or written matter whether it be onlyletters, characters, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs or wholepages.

It is another object of this invention to provide a device for copyingand reproducing printed or written matter which permits the copying tobe done at one location and the reproduction done at a differentlocation.

It is still another object of this invention to provide a device forcopying and reproducing printed or written matter, the copying portionof which is small enough to be manually portable so that it can be usedanywhere desired.

. It is a further object of this invention to provide a device forcopying and reproducing printed or written matter which is fast andrelatively inexpensive to operate.

Other of the objects will appear hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,combination of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will beexemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope ofthe invention will be indicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention,reference should be had to the following detailed description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of the device of this invention.

Referring to the drawing the copying and reproducing device of thisinvention comprises in general a scanning or copying instrument,generally designated 10, a reproducing instrument, generally designated12, and an electrical circuit connecting the scanning instrument 10Patented Sept. 4, 1962 to the reproducing instrument 12 to operate themand transmit the information from one to the other.

The scanning or copying instrument 10 comprises a substantiallyrectangular casing 14 having an open end 14a and which is small enoughto be held in the hand. Within casing 14 is a small light bulb 16 orother source of light operated from a DC. source of electrical current,such as a dry cell battery, not shown. Light bulb 16 directs the beam oflight onto a pivotally mounted mirror 18 which in turn reflects thelight through a lens 20 to the open end 14a of casing 14. Lens 20 isshaped to form the beam of light into a fine point at the casings openend 14a. An armature 22 extends from mirror 18 and has a permanentmagnet contact 24 attached to its end. A11 electromagnet 26 is mountedin casing 14 with one end of its core adjacent magnet contact 24. Anelongated clear Lucite rod 28 is mounted in casing 14 and extends fromthe casings open end 14a to a photoelectric cell, designated at 30. Asingle stage amplifier, designated at 32, is electrically connected tothe photoelectric cell to amplify the output of the cell to a usablelevel.

The reproducing instrument 12 comprises a bar 34 of spring materialrigidly supported at one end and dimensioned to resonate at 60 cycles. Astylus 36 of an electrically conductive metal is fastened to butinsulated from the other end of bar 34-. A permanent magnet 38 isattached to bar 34 near its fixed end and an electromagnet 40 is fixedlymounted adjacent the permanent magnet 38. A strip 42 of recording paperis drawn from a supply reel 44 over tensioning guides 46-46 and across abacking plate 48 Where it passes beneath stylus 36. The paper strip 42then passs over additional tensioning guides 5050 to a power driventake-up reel, not shown.

Electromagnet 26 of scanning instrument :10 and electromagnet -40 ofreproducing instrument .12 are both connected through transformer 52 toa standard 60 cycle power supply. A phase shifter, diagrammaticallyshown at 54, is connected between the electromagnet 40 of reproducinginstrument 12 and transformer 52. A rheostat 56 is provided in scanninginstrument It) in the connection between electromagnet 26 andtransformer 52. A 50 kc. oscillator 58 is connected to stylus 36 throughan electronic switch circuit 60 and an output tube 62 to provide a highvoltage to the stylus 36. The scanning instrument amplifier 32 isconnected to a second amplifier, designated at 64 which is connected tothe electronic switch 60.

The device of this invention operates as follows:

Scanning instrument It) is held with the open end 14a of casing 14 overthe printed matter to be copied. The light from bulb 16 is reflectedfrom mirror 18 through lens 20 as a fine point onto the page of theprinted matter. If the light shines onto an unprinted portion of thepage the light is reflected off of the white page. The Lucite rod 28picks up the reflected light and transmits it to the photoelectric cell30. When the light shines on photoelectric cell 30 a current is producedby the cell which is amplified by amplifiers 32 and 64 to operateelectronic switching circuit 60. The current from photoelectric cell 30causes the electronic switch 60 to be turned to its oil? position toprevent any current from passing from oscillator 58 to stylus 36. Whenthe light from bulb 16 shines on a printed portion of the sheet thelight is not reflected from the dark printed matter. In this case thereis no current given off by the photoelectric cell 30 to cause switch 60to be turned off. Thus, the high voltage current will pass fromoscillator 58 to stylus 36. Stylus 36 rides lightly on the paper strip42 which is an electrosensitive paper, such as teledeltos paper, so thatwhen the high voltage is applied to the stylus 36 a mark will be made onthe paper strip 42. Thus a printed mark on the page being copiedproduces a corresponding mark on the paper strip 42.

The scanning instrument electromagnet 26 being energized by the 60 cyclecurrent causes mirror armature 22 to vibrate at 60 cycles. This in turnoscillates mirror 18 to cause the light beam to swing back and forthacross the open end 14a of casing 14. Thus, the beam of light will scanthe entire height of a line of printing on the page to be copied. Theamplitude of the sweep of the light beam is adjusted by rheostat 56 toaccept various size printing. Reproducing instrument bar 34 is similarlyvibrated at 60 cycles by electromagnet 4t and mag net 38 so that stylus36 sweeps across paper strip 42 in synchronism with the scanninginstrument light beam. Phase shifter 54 is provided to adjust the phaserelation between the movement of stylus 36 and the scanning instrumentlight beam to account for the time delay between the pick-up of thereflected light from the page being copied and the receiving of a signalby the stylus 36. Paper strip 42 is pulled under stylus 36 by a powerdriven take-up, not shown, and scanning instrument is moved by handalong the line of printed matter at the same speed as the paper stripmoves. If desired, the motion of the operators hand can be synchronizedwith the power drive of the paper strip take-up by use of any well knowntype solenoid devices. Scanning instrument 10 can be provided with aswitch to start and stop the movement of the paper strip. Thus, as thescanning instrument It is moved along the line of printed matter, theoscillating mirror 18 moves the beam of light across the height of theprinted matter so that the light sweeps across the entire area of theline of the printed matter. Likewise, the stylus 36 moves across themoving strip of paper 42 to cover the same area as the light beam.Therefore, since a high voltage signal is supplied to the stylus 36 whenthe light beam sweeps across printed matter so as to provide a mark onthe paper strip 42, the marks will take the same shape and configurationas the printed matter being copied. Thus the printed matter will beidentically reproduced on the paper strip 42.

Since scanning instrument It is small enough to be carried in the handand is connected to the reproducing instrument l2 merely by electricalwiring, the reproducing instrument 12 and the electronic circuitry canbe located at one place and the scanning instrument 10 carried to adiflterent location to be used. For example, in a library thereproducing instrument i2 and the electronic circuitry can be located ata central position and connected to a plurality of outlet plugs locatedat various places throughout the library. When a person desires to copysomething from a book or magazine or the like, he merely plugs ascanning instrument into the nearest outlet and moves the scanninginstrument over the printed matter to be copied. The person can therebymove from place to place throughout the library and copy any desiredprinted matter at any location. When the person has completed his workhe returns to the location of the reproducing instrument 1'12 and cutsoff the strip containing the reproduced printed matter. This strip canbe cut into short lengths and attached to a sheet of paper or cards soas to be more easily readable. Thus one can copy any printed matter froma single Word to a whole page easily and quickly. Since the scanninginstrument can be carried to the matter to be copied, there is no timelost carrying the books to the copying machine and back to the shelves.Also, since the books are not taken away from the shelves they arealways available. Furthermore, the reproduction takes place almostsimultaneously with the copying so the copying operation is much quickerthan with photocopying machines which require some type of chemicaldevelopment of the reproduction.

It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, amon hose madeapparent from the preceding description, are efliciently attained and,since certain changes may be made in the above construction withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention, it is intended that allmatter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanyingdrawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limitingsense.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. A copying and reproducing machine comprising the combination of aportable scanning instrument including a casing open at one end, meansin said casing for producing a fine point of light at said open end,means to sweep said light across the open end of said casing, aphotoelectric cell in said casing and means to transmit reflections fromsaid light to said photoelectric cell to produce an electric signal; areproducing instrument including a bar, a stylus attached to said bar,and means to vibrate said her; means operating said light sweeping meansand said bar vibrating means at the same frequency; a source of highvoltage electrical current connected to said stylus; and means operatedby the electric signal from said photoelectric cell to cut off thecurrent to said stylus.

2. A copying and reproducing machine comprising the combination of aportable scanning instrument including a casing open at one end, asource of light within and fixed with respect to said casing, apivotable mirror within said casing for reflecting said light through alens to the open end of the casing, means in said casing for oscillatingsaid mirror to sweep said light as a fine point across the open end ofsaid casing, a photoelectric cell in said casing and means to transmitreflections from said light to said photoelectric cell to produce anelectric signal; a reproducing instrument including a bar, 'a stylusattached to said bar, and means to vibrate said bar; means operatingsaid mirror oscillating means and said bar vibrating means at the samefrequency; a source of high voltage electrical current connected to saidstylus; and means operated by the electric signal from saidphotoelectric cell to cut ofl the current to said stylus.

3. The combination as set forth in claim 2 in which the mirroroscillating means comprises an armature extending from the mirror and anelectromagnet adjacent said armature; the bar vibrating means comprisesa permanent magnet attached to said bar and an electromagnet adjacentsaid permanent magnet; and the means for operating said mirroroscillating means and said bar vibrating means comprises a common sourceof A.C. current connected to both said electromagnets.

4. A copying and reproducing machine comprising the combination of aportable scanning instrument including a casing open at one end, asource of light within and fixed with respect to said casing, apivotable mirror within said casing for reflecting said light through alens to the open end of said casing, means in said casing foroscillating said mirror to sweep said light as a fine point across theopen end of said casing, a photoelectric cell in said casing and meansto transmit reflections from said light to said photoelectric cell toproduce an electric signal; a reproducing instrument including a barfixedly supported at one end, a stylus attached to the other end of saidbar, and means to vibrate said bar; means operating said mirroroscillating means and said bar vibrating means at the same frequency; asource of high voltage electrical current connected to said stylus; andmeans operated by the electric signal from said photoelectric cell tocut off the current to said stylus.

5. The combination as set forth in claim 4 in which the mirroroscillating means comprises an armature extending from the mirror and anelectromagnet adjacent said armature; the bar vibrating means comprisesa permanent magnet attached to said bar adjacent its magnet; and themeans for operating said mirror oscillating means and said bar vibratingmeans comprises a common source of A.C. current connected to both saideleotromagnets.

6. The combination as set forth in claim 5 including a phase shiftingmeans connected in the line between said source of A.C. current and theelectromagnet for vibrating said bar.

7. The combination as set forth in claim 4 in which the means operatedby said photoelectric cell comprises an electronic switch connectedbetween said source of high voltage electrical current and said styluswhich is normally in a closed condition and which is switched to openposition by the electric signal from said photoelectric cell.

8. The combination as set forth in claim 4 including means for moving astrip of electrosensitive paper across and in cont-act with an end ofthe stylus.

References Qitetl in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS FinchMay 21, 1935 ONeil Mar. 5, 1889 BroWer Dec. 1, 1931 Centeno Aug. 23,1932 Prescott Oct. 12, 1937 Losier Dec. 24, 1940 Flory Dec. 28, 1948Keck et al July 14, 1959 Street Jan. 12, 1960

